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In organisms, there are two substances used for storing vitality: glycogen and fats. When completely oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, fat produces more energy for cells, however consumes extra oxygen and time. Therefore, it's a medium-powered system that only meet the moderate-intensity exercises, similar to jogging. However, glycogen also has its advantages. It is a short lived storage material that help life activities as shortly as possible. It is indispensable for top-depth exercises that require rapid power release, akin to a 400-meter sprint. Glycolysis even generates ATP from it without oxygen. Glucose is stored in cells as a polymer and never a monomer because of different osmotic stress of these two types. Insoluble granular glycogen reduces the osmolarity in cytoplasm. It contributes to a focus about 10⁻⁵mMol/L. If all glucose unit is dissolved in cytoplasm, the focus would be 400 mMol/L. An osmotic strain of 40 million occasions would enable quite a lot of water to enter the cell leading to rupture.
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